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Rumex albescens

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Rumex

hu‘ahu‘akō [huahuako]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Subshrubs.

Stems: Stems decumbent, 0.3–20 dm long, glabrous to moderately pilose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades lanceolate to narrowly deltate, (8–[nihoa])11–33 cm long, 2.8–11 cm wide. Apex acuminate to long-acuminate. Base cordate, sometimes base of upper leaves (especially nihoa plants) broadly cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous or rarely sparsely short–pilose, and then especially along veins; lower surfaces sparsely to moderately pilose, or glabrous in some O'ahu and Nihoa plants. Margins usually undulate, crisped, and erose–denticulate, rarely (nihoa) subentire and apparently not crisped. Petioles 1.5–9 cm long. Stipules forming sheath or ocrea.

Flowers: Flowers numerous in diffuse, green or yellowish green, many-branched, paniculate inflorescences (12–)15–50 cm long. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious), the proportions of each sex varying from nearly equal to one type strongly dominating, actinomorphic. Tepals 6, outer 3 much smaller than inner ones; staminate flowers with outer Tepals green, 2–2.5 mm long, the valves yellowish green, membranous, 3–3.5 mm long; pistillate flowers with outer Tepals green, 0.8–1 mm long, the valves yellowish green, membranous, 1.2–1.5 mm long, enlarging to 5–7 mm long and becoming cordate in fruit, venation becoming conspicuous, the faces without tubercles. Stamens 6 in staminate flowers, 1.8–2 mm long; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts trigonous; enclosed by the valves; pale brown; 2–2.4 mm long; usually slightly wider; the 2 sides of a single arm of a mature nut subparallel; the angle very narrowly acute; margins of arms without a conspicuous thickened rim. Seeds with well-developed; starchy and oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 36; 40; 60

Habitat: Mesic forest (also cliff faces and dry shrubland on Nihoa).

Elevation Range: 180–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Kamole(Laysan Island) Endemic
Nihoa Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 378 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1066 (N, K, O); Mosyakin & Wagner 1998:41 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rumex albescens Puu Kalena, Waianae Mts, Waianae Kai Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. 77 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
2 Rumex albescens Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2397 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
3 Rumex albescens W Namolokama plateau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3322 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
4 Rumex albescens W Waimea drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 787 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
5 Rumex albescens under N Miller's Peak, cliff Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 8 Nihoa BISH 1924-07-10
6 Rumex albescens Devil's Slide, Miller Pond Preserved_Specimen Yen, D.E. 1015 Nihoa BISH 1969-05-01
7 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., East of Puu Kuua Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 3781 Oahu BISH 1946-03-17
8 Rumex albescens W Namolokama plateau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3322 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
9 Rumex albescens Popouwela, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1590 Oahu BISH 1910-04-27
10 Rumex albescens W Waimea drainage basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 787 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
11 Rumex albescens Popouwela Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1590 Oahu BISH 1910-04-27
12 Rumex albescens Palehua/Palikea Trail Preserved_Specimen Holt, R.A. 220 Oahu BISH 1982-03-11
13 Rumex albescens Ridges above Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 579 Oahu BISH 1927-01-31
14 Rumex albescens unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
15 Rumex albescens Between Puu Manawahua and Palikea along ridge, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8839 Oahu BISH 1931-09-27
16 Rumex albescens Oahu Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1934-04-08
17 Rumex albescens West Mt. Kaua Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Oahu BISH 1958-04-12
18 Rumex albescens Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Laysan Island BISH 1903-04-01
19 Rumex albescens Makaha, Waianae Ridge Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1934-04-15
20 Rumex albescens Kaala Mts, Makaha Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1929-02-12
21 Rumex albescens Halemanu Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1929-04-30
22 Rumex albescens Approximately 3/4 mile SE of Nike Ajax site along Makua-rim trail in switchback area built 3 to 4 months ago Preserved_Specimen Masaki, C. Oahu BISH 1979-03-07
23 Rumex albescens Kamokuiki Valley Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1933-04-13
24 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., Piko trail Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-05-05
25 Rumex albescens Devil's Slide, Miller Pond Preserved_Specimen Yen, D.E. 1015 Nihoa BISH 1969-05-01
26 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., along access rd. to Kuaokala Forest Reserve, steep roadcut below head of Kawaihapi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5357 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
27 Rumex albescens ridge to Puu Kaua Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2646 Oahu BISH 1986-05-25
28 Rumex albescens Puu Kaua, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3138 Oahu BISH 1925-05-03
29 Rumex albescens Kamakuiki Valley (between Puuiki and Puu Kamaohanui), Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8834 Oahu BISH 1933-04-12
30 Rumex albescens Below summit of Mauna Kapu, edge of talus slope from road Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1944-04-24
31 Rumex albescens Puu Kaua trail, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 198 Oahu BISH 1955-12-11
32 Rumex albescens Ewa District: Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Forest Reserve. Puu Kaua Wet forest near summit Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5528 Oahu BISH 1984-06-22
33 Rumex albescens First large side valley on S of Makua Valley, Waianae Range Typical of lava rock cliffs where water falls on rainy days. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8840 Oahu BISH 1931-09-07
34 Rumex albescens Waimea Canyon. Koaie Canyon Mesic to Wet Transition zone in back of canyon. Cascading down rocky ledge on on N side of stream. About 5 ft above stream. Forest w/Metrosideros, Lobelia, Artemisia, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Cyperus spp., Cyrtandra, Peperomia tetraphylla, Charpentiera elliptica, Boehmeria, Hedyotis knudsenii, Alyxia stellata, Lepidium serra, weedy grasses. Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 1915 Kauai BISH 2009-02-02
35 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Waialae, along ridge trail by Telfer exclosure Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium, Chrysodracon aurea, Pittosporum glabrum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Claox Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 18499 Kauai BISH 2020-08-04
36 Rumex albescens N Tanager Peak soil pocket Preserved_Specimen Long, C.R. 2411 Nihoa BISH 1964-09-23
37 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Makaha Valley. Diospyros-Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest, with Diospyros sandwicensis, D. hillebrandii, Alphitonia ponderosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Pleomele aurea, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, Coprosma waimeae, C. foliosa, Myrsine lan Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15890 Kauai BISH 2014-03-20
38 Rumex albescens Puu Hapapa On ridge trail to Puu Hapapa. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1277 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
39 Rumex albescens Pohakea-Kaua scattered along rocky ledges at the divide Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3439 Oahu BISH 1987-02-01
40 Rumex albescens Kokee ranger station, Waimea forest Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 988 Kauai BISH 1922-10-28
41 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Nuololo, southern branch Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Chrysodracon aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Meliope ovata, M. barbiger Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16447 Kauai BISH 2015-05-30
42 Rumex albescens Puu Kapu Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1563 Oahu BISH 1931-02-12
43 Rumex albescens Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11046 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
44 Rumex albescens ridge spur to the Kaluaa - Lualualei divide growing with Phyllostegia #2026, 2027, Coprosma 2028 Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2024 Oahu BISH 1985-03-03
45 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., cnetral Lualualei, below Kanehoa, foot of cliffs, head of valley Foot of cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 3684 Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
46 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., Pohakea Pass Common along trail in distrubed, Casuarina dominated area. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 466 Oahu BISH 1967-04-29
47 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Waialae, along ridge trail by Telfer exclosure. Acacia-Metrosideros montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Diospyros sandwicensis, Santalum pyrularium, Chrysodracon aurea, Pittosporum glabrum, Cheirodendron trigynum, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Claox Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18499 Kauai BISH 2020-08-04
48 Rumex albescens Not far from fire-break trail between Schofield and Mt. Kaala sunny ravine Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8843 Oahu BISH 1925-10-01
49 Rumex albescens NW side near summit peak shelves and holes in cliff Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 71 Nihoa BISH 1923-06-18
50 Rumex albescens Devil's slide Schiedea verticillata; rocky Preserved_Specimen Conant, S. 116 Nihoa BISH 1983-04-30
51 Rumex albescens Mauna Kapu Most ledges on dry Nanakuli side Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10153 Oahu BISH 1935-12-16
52 Rumex albescens Gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Kamananui, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts On ridge east of Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12147 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
53 Rumex albescens Below Palikea on Honolulu side, Waianae Range Dry grassy streambed often foggy Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8836 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
54 Rumex albescens Large valley on northeast slope of Puu Hapapa Partly shaded riverlet Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 12316 Oahu BISH 1939-04-09
55 Rumex albescens Kaluaa, central ridge, Puu Hapapa talus slopes Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2025 Oahu BISH 1985-03-03
56 Rumex albescens Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, W of Makaha Ridge road and Kokio-keokeo picnic area Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Pelea, Antidesma, Nestegis, Hedyotis Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5224 Kauai BISH 1987-05-15
57 Rumex albescens Ekahanui gulch exposed rocky ledge at head of Ekahanui gulch Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2054 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
58 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Unit B, Kahua Ridge trail, vicinity of Maile Flat. Diverse mesic forest on ridge crest. With Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Psychotria mariniana, Cheirodendron trigynum, invaded by Corynocarpus, Psidium cattleyanum, Hedychium coronqtion, Rubus argutus. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 10501 Kauai BISH 2015-05-15
59 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., cnetral Lualualei, below Kanehoa, foot of cliffs, head of valley Foot of cliffs. Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 3684 Oahu BISH 1932-06-01
60 Rumex albescens Nualolo trail, ~80' from stream bed, E side of valley dry forest; Lantana, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 18 Kauai BISH 1976-06-29
61 Rumex albescens Kokee Camp forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8842 Kauai BISH 1926-06-24
62 Rumex albescens rock outcrop at the Lualualei divide; vicinity of Pohakea Pass On a landslide scar overgrown with grasses, with Bidens, Artemisia, Hibiscus, and Scaevola Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2629 Oahu BISH 1986-03-01
63 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., Kunia trail just east of Puu Kanehoa Common at summit and banks below trail on valley % 1 side. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3299 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
64 Rumex albescens Makaha, north fork of upper drainage; north of kokio keokeo; on steep slopes, w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Styphelia tameiameiae, Dodonaea viscosa. Wilkesia gymnoxiphium, Doryopteris decipiens, Cystopteris sp., Psychotria mariniana, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Tetraplasandra kavaiensis Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12332 Kauai BISH 2007-04-06
65 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts On side ridge 225 yd. below main ridge, between Kaua & Kanehoa. Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 484 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
66 Rumex albescens Puue Kanehoa, Waianae Mts On ridge. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 361 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
67 Rumex albescens Ekahanui gulch exposed rocky ledge at head of Ekahanui gulch Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2054 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
68 Rumex albescens Puu Kawiwi, Mt. Kaala Ridge, Waianae Mts., Makaha-Waianae Kai Thicket on precipitous ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17585 Oahu BISH 1935-03-31
69 Rumex albescens Kokee Camp forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2118 Kauai BISH 1926-06-26
70 Rumex albescens Waimea District. Makaha, in upper northern branche, south facing slopes below Milolii Rd. Metrosideros - Acacia montane mesic forest. With Alphitonia ponderosa, Kadua affinis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Coprosma waimeae, Polyscias kavaiensis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, M. feddei, M. anisata, Dodonaea viscosa Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15951 Kauai BISH 2014-06-10
71 Rumex albescens Waianae Valley up toward Mt. Kaala Damp open region. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8838 Oahu BISH 1932-04-24
72 Rumex albescens Waimea District, Kohua Ridge, north facing slopes above Awini Stream Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 14959 Kauai BISH 2012-04-27
73 Rumex albescens North of Nike Station, Kawaihakai rich sunny slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27951 Oahu BISH 1962-03-06
74 Rumex albescens head of Ekahanui gulch among boulders, in an open, weedy clearing Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2630 Oahu BISH 1986-03-01
75 Rumex albescens Pohakea Pass, Honouliuli Forest Reserve. Honouliuli, Waianae Mts Abundant on moist slope at head of gully, forming a colony. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2435 Oahu BISH 1939-01-12
76 Rumex albescens Nualolo trail, ~80' from stream bed, E side of valley dry forest; Lantana, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 18 Kauai BISH 1976-06-29
77 Rumex albescens NW side near summit peak shelves and holes in cliff Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 71 Nihoa BISH 1923-06-18
78 Rumex albescens Waimea District; Kohua Ridge, north facing slopes Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Kadua affins, Claoxylon sandwicensis. Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, M. alyxifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nestegis sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18724 Kauai BISH 2021-06-01
79 Rumex albescens East Ridge of Puu Kalena, Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka Dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Hartung, M. Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
80 Rumex albescens rock outcrop at the Lualualei divide; vicinity of Pohakea Pass On a landslide scar overgrown with grasses, with Bidens, Artemisia, Hibiscus, and Scaevola Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2629 Oahu BISH 1986-03-01
81 Rumex albescens Pohaloa Pass, Waianae Mts., Halona open slopes Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13137 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
82 Rumex albescens Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, W of Makaha Ridge road and Kokio-keokeo picnic area Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Pelea, Antidesma, Nestegis, Hedyotis Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5224 Kauai BISH 1987-05-15
83 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., along access rd. to Kuaokala Forest Reserve, steep roadcut below head of Kawaihapi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5357 Oahu BISH 1984-04-08
84 Rumex albescens W Namolokama plateau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3322 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
85 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., Houliuli Forest Reserve, Ekahanui Gulch Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5260 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
86 Rumex albescens Mount Kaala, Waianae Mountain Range Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1719 Oahu BISH 1965-03-12
87 Rumex albescens head of Ekahanui gulch among boulders, in an open, weedy clearing Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2630 Oahu BISH 1986-03-01
88 Rumex albescens Third small valley northeast of Palikea, Waiane Range Open foggy usually dry streambed Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8837 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
89 Rumex albescens Hanalei District; Kalalau Rim; 320 degrees NW Facing Cliffs below and E of first Kalalau lookout Diverse montane pricipitous slopes with small pockets of forest and vertical cliffs. Associated palnts; Poa mannii, Stenogyne campanulata, Lysimachia glutinosa, Melicope pallida, Nototrichium sp. nov., Dubautia, Acacia koa, Dryopteris unidentata, Metrosideros, Coprosma, Vaccinium dentatum, Lipochaeta, Wilkesia, Lobelia niihauensis, Chamaesyce, Lepidium, Exocarpos. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 1228 Kauai BISH 1991-09-15
90 Rumex albescens Waimea District, Nuololo, southern branch. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15011 Kauai BISH 2012-05-30
91 Rumex albescens Waianae Mts., Kunia trail just east of Puu Kanehoa Common at summit and banks below trail on valley % 1 side. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3299 Oahu BISH 1960-03-26
92 Rumex albescens Lualualei, ridge crest, Haleakala Artemisia australis Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3308 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
93 Rumex albescens Puu Kawiwi, Mt. Kaala Ridge, Waianae Mts., Makaha-Waianae Kai Thicket on precipitous ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17585 Oahu BISH 1935-03-31
94 Rumex albescens Hanalei, Halelea FR, Namolokama Mt., W rim of plateau Metrosideros, Pelea, Labordia, Juncus planifolius, Diplazium Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3044 Kauai BISH 1988-06-18
95 Rumex albescens North of Nike Station, Kawaihakai rich sunny slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27951 Oahu BISH 1962-03-06
96 Rumex albescens Kawwiiki, off Kaluahaula ridge, S of Koaie, N of Waialae upper forest and drainage, mesic; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 13041 Kauai BISH 2008-05-22
97 Rumex albescens Lualualei arid grass; above Sapindus, Rauvolfia, Bobea, Antidesma Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3307 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
98 Rumex albescens Pohakea-Kaua scattered along rocky ledges at the divide Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3439 Oahu BISH 1987-02-01
99 Rumex albescens Lualualei, ridge crest, Haleakala Artemisia australis Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3308 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
100 Rumex albescens Gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Kamananui, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts On ridge east of Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12147 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
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